Light is an unusually rich carrier of information. Its direction of travel, wavelength, and polarization can all be used to ...

There are billions of people using WhatsApp, Telegram, iMessage or even Instagram for group chats. These platforms are ideally designed for “personal conversations” — more specifically individual ...

Real-time spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying dynamic chemical and physical systems. Unfortunately, conventional spectrometers are relatively slow, and do not permit real-time measurements.

Spectroscopy, in its broadest sense, is the term given to the investigation and measurement of spectra produced when a substance interacts with or emits electromagnetic radiation. All known matter ...