It is not surprising that the world around us is getting more and more digitized. One reason might be that manipulation, storage, and usage of data in digital form is more convenient and easier than ...

We begin with a brief review of concepts covered in Part 1 of the series. Noise is any unwelcome electrical phenomenon in an electrical system. Depending on its origin, noise can be classified as ...

My last column showed how a single-stage delta-sigma modulator (DSM) produces an output that is a sum of the low pass-filtered input signal and the high pass-filtered quantization noise (see “Part 4,” ...

A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) lets us express the relationship between signal and noise powers, as well as between the root-mean-square (rms) values of signal and noise voltages: SNR (dB) = ...